托福阅读中的“逻辑”小学问！

托福阅读是个大学问，托福阅读文章的长度在700字左右，将这些词汇联系起来的强大内在逻辑使得我们可以分析出哪些内容属于重点的引领性的内容，哪些又是不重要的可以不用浪费时间的内容。

雅托邦小编为考生带来托福阅读中的逻辑问题，希望可以帮助到大家。因为如果没有英语逻辑的基础，不熟悉托福阅读中的逻辑关系，大家很难根据逻辑来做以上的判断。大家一起来看看，参考下，望大家有所收获！

托福阅读逻辑问题

一、逻辑关系-否定

明显的否定关系特色词汇：no, not, none, neither, never, deny等。

隐含的否定关系特色词汇： fail to, absence from, lack(of), refuse to, little, few。

例、I write to my parents every month./I never fail to write to my parents every month./He is little known as an artist./He is not a famous artist

在此需注意的三个否定后缀：-less、hatless: not wearing a hat；-free、salt-free: without salt；-proof、a bulletproof car: a car designed not to be harmed by bullets。

二、逻辑关系-隐藏

表示“导致”的词：cause, lead to, make，render, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motivate, prompt, be responsible to。

例：Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness./Your action has rendered our contract invalid.

表示“由…而来”的词:derive from, result from, come from, originate from, initiate from.

例：His illness resulted from bad food.

三、逻辑关系-比较——隐藏

自身含有最高级含义的词：maximum, favorite, outstanding, top...

例：The maximum speed of this car is 150 miles per hour

比较级表示最高级：I've never heard a better voice./China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia./George did more work than anyone else/I like nothing better than swimming.

托福阅读逻辑问题

四、逻辑关系-因果

表因果关系词：because(of), since, for, as, due to, owing to, In that, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently...

例：We didn't know what to do as we were just visiting there./The delay is owing to the crowded traffic./This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.

五、逻辑关系-并列或转折

表示并列关系词：likewise,in (much) the same way,similarly/similar to,vice versa,also/as well as,not only … but also …,both … and …, neither … nor …, like/just like, equally,or/and。

表示转折关系词：but/yet, however, in contrast (to), conversely, though/although, nevertheless, in spite of/despite, on the contrary, even if/even though, instead (of), different from/differ from, while。

说了这么多，接下来雅托邦小编就没来实例讲一下：逻辑解题法。顾名思义就是通过对句子进行分析，在了解句子结构的基础上，分析句子的主要逻辑结构，找到句子所要表达的核心内容，然后对应答案，选出内容逻辑都符合的正确选项。句子简化题简化的是内容，但不是逻辑，所以通过逻辑解题法我们可以快速锁定正确答案范围。

逻辑解题法主要有以下三个步骤：通读原句，分析句子结构，找到句子主干及句子所表达的主要逻辑关系、查看选项，排除非主干逻辑的选项、根据句子内容，对应逻辑关系的具体对象，选出正确答案。

下面我们来看一个例子：The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

上面这句话就是一个高亮的句子，我们来看一下对应的 4 个选项：

A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.

B.Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.

C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.

D.Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.

按照逻辑解题法的步骤，首先我们先分析一下原句，找到主干逻辑。很明显，这句话主语是 The extreme seriousness，谓语 results from，后面 as well as from 与前面并列，连接了并列宾语，所以这句话的主干逻辑就是 “result from” 所表现出来的因果关系。第二步查看选项，我们可以直接排除 C D 两个选项，C 选项因果关系缺失，D 选项中 “unless” 表示句子逻辑关系，中文释义为“除非”，不是因果，所以 D 选项也没有因果概念。答案应该在 A B 之中选择。第三步对应逻辑关系主要承接对象，选定最终答案。原句中 “result from” 前面的部分是结果部分，而 B 选项 “because of” 前面表示结果的部分跟原文中不一致，排除。A 选项的结果部分与原句的结果部分一致。所以选 A。最后，做完题还应进行验证。看这个题目选的这句话跟原文那句话的意思是否一致，规避一些基本的小错误。

以上就是雅托邦小编给大家奉上的本篇文章，望对大家有所帮助，有什么问题欢迎来和小编讨论！